Candi Jolotundo

Nama Jolotundo diambil dari nama pertapaan Jeluk (=sebutan) dan Tundo (=naik). Secara administratif Candi Jolotundo terletak di Dukuh Bale Kambang Seloliman, Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Propinsi Jawa Timur. Jolotundo yang berada dil lereng barat Gunung Penanggungan itu memiilki ketinggian kurang lebih 525 m dpl. Candi Jolotundo merupakan bangunan petirtaan (kolam) berdenah empat persegi panjang berukuran 18,1m dan 12m berbahan batu andesit menghadap ke barat. Disisi utara, timur, dan selatan terdapat dinding pembatas, sedangkan sisi barat terbuka.

Effectiveness of male latex condoms in protecting against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections

Condoms are the only contraceptive method proven to reduce the risk of all sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. They can be used as a dual-purpose method, both for prevention of pregnancy and protection against STIs.

Prevention of pregnancy

Estimated pregnancy rates during perfect use of condoms, that is for those who report using the method exactly as it should be used (correctly) and at every act of intercourse (consistently), is 3 percent at 12 months.

The most frequently cited condom effectiveness rate is for typical use, which includes perfect and imperfect use (i.e. not used at every act of intercourse, or used incorrectly). The pregnancy rate during typical use can be much higher (10-14%) than for perfect use, but this is due primarily to inconsistent and incorrect use, not to condom failure. Condom failure – the device breaking or slipping off completely during intercourse – is uncommon.
Disease prevention

Laboratory studies have found that viruses (including HIV) do not pass through intact latex condoms even when devices are stretched or stressed.

In Thailand, the promotion by the government of 100% condom use by commercial sex workers led to a dramatic increase in the use of condoms (from 14% in 1990 to 94% in 1994); an equally dramatic decline in the nation-wide numbers of bacterial STD cases (from 410,406 cases in 1997 to 27,362 cases in 1994); and reduced HIV prevalence in Thai soldiers.

The most convincing data on the effectiveness of condoms in preventing HIV infection has been generated by prospective studies undertaken on serodiscordant couples, when one partner is infected with HIV and the other is not. These studies show that, with consistent condom use, the HIV infection rate among uninfected partners was less than 1 percent per year. Also, in situations where one partner is definitely infected, inconsistent condom use can be as risky as not using condoms at all.

Allergy to latex condoms

Latex allergies are very rare among the general population. While 1-2 billion condoms are used per year in the USA, the FDA only received 44 reports of allergic reactions associated with condom use between October 1988 and end of 1991. The Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA estimate that the population risk of an allergic reaction to latex is 0.08% and the nature of the reaction tends to be very mild. Concerns about latex allergies should not inhibit sexually active people who are at risk of exposure to pregnancy and STIs using condoms, since the risks associated with unprotected sexual contact are far greater than those from exposure to latex.

3 million now receiving life-saving HIV drugs

2 JUNE 2008 | GENEVA/PARIS -- The close of 2007 marks an important step in the history of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Nearly 3 million people are now receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries, according to a new report jointly launched today by WHO, UNAIDS and UNICEF.

The report, Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, also points to other gains. These include improved access to interventions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), expanded testing and counseling, and greater country commitment to male circumcision in heavily affected regions of sub-Saharan Africa.

“This represents a remarkable achievement for public health,” said WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan. “This proves that, with commitment and determination, all obstacles can be overcome. People living in resource-constrained settings can indeed be brought back to economically and socially productive lives by these drugs.”

Millions now accessing treatment

According to the authors of the report, the close of 2007 saw nearly 1 million more people (950 000) receiving antiretroviral therapy—bringing the total number of recipients to almost 3 million. The latter figure was the target of the ‘3 by 5’ initiative that sought to have 3 million HIV-positive individuals living in low-and middle-income countries on treatment by 2005. Although that target was not achieved until two years later, it is widely credited with jump-starting the push towards ART scale-up.

According to the report, the rapid scale-up of ART can be attributed to a number of factors, including the:

* Increased availability of drugs, in large part because of price reductions;
* Improved ART delivery systems that are now better adapted to country contexts. The WHO public health approach to scale-up emphasizes simplified and standardized drug regimens, decentralized services and judicious use of personnel and laboratory infrastructure; and
* Increased demand for ART as the number of people who are tested and diagnosed with HIV climbs.

Greater access: greater need

The authors state that overall, some 31% of the estimated 9.7 million people in need of ART received it by the end of 2007. That means that an estimated 6.7 million in need are still unable to access life-saving medicines.

“This report highlights what can be achieved despite the many constraints that countries face and is a real step forward towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment care and support,” said Dr Peter Piot, Executive Director of UNAIDS. “Building on this, countries and the international community must now also work together to strengthen both prevention and treatment efforts.”

Preventing HIV in children

At the end of 2007, nearly 500 000 women were able to access antiretrovirals to prevent transmission to their unborn children — up from 350 000 in 2006. During the same period, 200 000 children were receiving ART, compared to 127 000 at the end of 2006. The difficulty of diagnosing HIV in infants, however, remains a major impediment to progress.

“We are seeing encouraging progress in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to newborn,” said UNICEF Executive Director Ann M. Veneman. “The report should motivate us to focus and redouble our efforts on behalf of children and families affected by HIV/AIDS.”

Tuberculosis, weak healthcare systems, hamper progress

Other obstacles to scaling up treatment include poor patient retention rates in many treatment programmes and the considerable numbers of individuals who remain unaware of their HIV status, or are diagnosed too late and die in the first six months of treatment.

Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death among HIV-infected people worldwide, and the number one cause of death among those living in Africa. To date, HIV and TB service deliveries are insufficiently integrated and too many people are losing their lives because they are unable to either prevent TB or access life-saving medications for both diseases.

The authors warn that future expansion of access to ART is likely to be slow owing to weak health systems in the worst-affected countries, in particular, the difficulty of training and retaining health-care workers. Health-care systems in regions hardest hit continue to erode because of ‘brain drain’—the migration of skilled health-care personnel to other occupations and to other countries—and to high mortality rates from HIV itself.

They also emphasize the ongoing need to improve the collection, analysis and publication of critical public health information. Countries, international partners and other sources supply the numbers featured in this report. Despite certain limitations, the data constitute the best and most up-to-date estimates of the different elements of the health sector response to HIV/AIDS.

For further information please contact:

In Geneva:

WHO
Patricia Leidl
Telephone: +41 22 791 5876
Mobile: +41 79 619 8525
E-mail: leidlp@who.int

UNAIDS
Sophie Barton-Knott
Telephone: +41 22 791 1697
E-mail: bartonknotts@unaids.org

How Can I Best Use Signs in My Store?

The proper design and use of in-store signage will promote your products and direct customers to their location. They'll also reinforce your brand image. To begin with, make sure the size of the signs fit with your store.

Also, use concise wording, make sure they receive the proper lighting, and position them in a way that offers them high visibility without detracting from your products or displays.

If your budget allows for it, digital signage such as LCDs, plasma, and scrolling message boards are the wave of the future and allow you to send various messages and images that static boards can't. Some studies even indicate that customers better recall the movement, scrolling, or changing graphics of digital signs, especially if they're placed in high-traffic locations.

Demonstrations & Samplings: The Hands-On Sales Approach that Sells

Demonstrations will wow them — your customers, that is. Yes, demonstrations have been proven to be a cost-effective, consumer-friendly merchandising strategy that not only helps educate customers but also builds sales and customer loyalty

According to recent research, 28 percent of consumers report that a food product demonstration causes them to purchase that brand rather than their usual brand, while 19 percent of consumers will purchase a household product or cleaner after seeing it demonstrated sales.
Consumers Speak

Overwhelming evidence of positive attitudes about and subsequent purchase of products among consumers who received samples and participated in demonstrations is presented in a recent research report — Inside Look at Consumers' Reaction to Samples and Demonstrations — by the Product Sampling & Demonstration Council of the Promotion Marketing Association. Conducted in February 2002 through a partnership between the Product Sampling & Demonstration Council, BrandMarketing Magazine, and NFO WorldGroup, the findings were based on nearly 3,400 surveys completed by male and female heads of households aged 18 years and older.

Seventy-one percent of the respondents said they purchased a product after receiving a sample and 69 percent said that samples and demonstrations influence their product purchase decisions more than an advertisement for the product on TV or radio. Eighty-nine percent of consumers stated that they "feel better" about purchasing a product after using or trying a sample of it, and 85 percent indicated that a coupon received with a free sample makes it easier to buy the product.

Low-Cost, High-Impact Marketing Ideas for Retailers

Advertising and promotion should be a significant part of the budget for any small business, and it's especially important for one that's starting out. After all, people need to know you are in business before they will frequent your establishment.

Unfortunately, there are plenty of ways to blow marketing -- and marketing dollars. To find out what not to do, read Avoiding Dreadful Marketing Ideas. When ad dollars are tight, creativity makes the difference.
Use these tactics to create a lasting impression:
* Freebies. Everyone loves getting something for nothing. If you buy in bulk, small items, including pens, T-shirts, and tote bags can be had for a good price. Even balloons can draw in parents. A small gift that's tied into your products emphasizes the message. For example, accessories in clothing stores, headbands in sporting good stores, or mouse pads in computer stores are simple items that fit your customers' needs.
* Coupons. Offering two-for-one or 10 percent off can draw new business and keep regular customers coming back. Desktop publishing programs make coupons easier than ever to print. Design coupons that grab attention, are easy to read, and provide value to your customer. Distributing the coupons via the newspaper or other media lets you see how well other advertising is working.
* Give info away. Wisdom is something money can't buy, and it doesn't cost anything to give it away. Seminars, after hours-classes, and other means of teaching your target audience something new can be a great way to get them into your store. Selling cookware? Host a series of free ethnic cooking classes. Selling computers? Teach people how to use the latest software program or how to upgrade their systems. If you can't teach the class yourself, look for people who love to teach or are looking for experience.
* In-store events. Let a local theater group promote their show by performing some songs in your store. Have a special reading of the hottest new children's book or a signing by an author. Hold a grand opening party. Have a local celebrity stop in to meet fans and sign autographs.
* Contests. You don't have to give away a new car to draw people in for a contest. Focus on what your customers would love to win from your store -- and give them that opportunity. For example, a bakery might hold a pie-eating contest.
* Newsletters. A short newsletter, especially one delivered by e-mail, can be a cost-effective way to market your products. Find a convenient place for people to sign up in your store and online; you might even offer an incentive, such as a coupon, for signing up. Provide interesting and useful content that's worth reading. For example, if you sell men?s clothing, offer 10 tips on how to dress for a business interview. If you sell gourmet food, include a new recipe or talk about the trendiest new foods. Then surround your content with your ads and promotions.
* Word-of-mouth marketing. It's one of the hottest trends in business today and an inexpensive means of spreading the word about your goods. One of the best ways to get people talking is by having an innovative product seen. Sales of the Razor Scooter and iPod jumped when fashionable people sported them around town. If you have a unique product, find a way to showcase it. For example, you might have a couple of people walking around the mall in eye-catching swimwear from your store.
* Build name recognition. Go online and participate in discussion groups or make comments in blogs; include your store name and Web site address if you have one. At conferences and lectures, ask questions, identifying yourself as the proprietor of your store.
* Sponsorship. It doesn't cost much to sponsor a local theater production, a float in your town's parade or a Little League team. The signage or uniforms emblazoned with your store's name and logo will be seen crowds of people.
* Volunteering. Doing community or charitable work is a great way to get your name known, and it shows people that you care.
* Free press. Send news and information about your store to newspapers and other local media via press releases. Identify the person who edits the newspaper's calendar section, and make sure to send announcements about store events at least three weeks in advance. Press releases aren't limited to news. Think of ways to tie your business into local or national events or the seasons. For example, if you own a boat store, write up six tips for safe fun in the water and send that off in a release in April. Make friends with the local business reporters and offer to comment in their stories.

Candy

Candy, specifically sugar candy, is a confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which a variety of flavorings and colorants is added. It is sometimes frozen (as in an ice pop

In North America, candy is a broad category that includes candy bars, chocolates, licorice, sour candies, salty candies, tart candies, sucking candies, taffy, gumdrops, marshmallows, chewing gum and more. Vegetables, fruit or nuts glazed and coated with sugar are called candied.

Outside North America, the generic name for candy is sweets or confectionery (UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other Commonwealth countries). In Australia and New Zealand, candy is, in normal usage, further categorised as either chocolate or lollies (for all other non-chocolate candies).

In North America, the UK, and Australia, the word lollipop refers specifically to sugar candy on a stick. While not used in the generic sense of North America, the term candy is used in the UK for specific types of foods such as candy floss (cotton candy in North America and fairy floss in Australia), and certain other sugar based products.

Candy is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup, which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to caramelize. The type of candy depends on the ingredients and how long the mixture is boiled. Candy comes in an endless variety of textures from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. Caramel, toffee, fudge, praline, tablet, gumdrops, jelly beans, rock candy, lollipops, taffy, cotton candy, candy canes, peppermint sticks, peanut brittle, chocolate coated raisins or peanuts, sucking candy (called boiled sweets in British English) and candy bars are just a few examples of the confections that are sold under the generic name "candy"

Want to know more about candy, you can click here or here or here

Visit Candy shop click here

Ink

An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for coloring a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing and/or writing with a pen, brush or quill. Thicker inks, in paste form, are used extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing.

Ink is a complex medium, comprising solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilizers, surfactants, particulate matter, fluorescers, and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes; the ink’s carrier, colorants, and other additives are used to control flow, thickness, and appearance of the ink when dry.

Approximately 5000 years ago, an ink for blacking the raised surfaces of pictures and texts carved in stone was developed in China. This early ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke, lamp oil, and gelatin from animal skins and musk. Other early cultures also developed many colors of ink from available berries, plants and minerals.

The ink used in early India since at least the 4th century BC was called masi, which was an admixture of several chemical components. Indian documents written in Kharosthi with ink have been unearthed in Chinese Turkestan. The practice of writing with ink and a sharp pointed needle was common in early South India. Several Jain sutras in India were compiled in ink. In India, the carbon black from which India ink is produced is obtained by burning bones, tar, pitch, and other substances.

In ancient Rome, atramentum was used. In an article for the Christian Science Monitor, Sharon J. Huntington describes these other historical inks:

About 1,600 years ago, a popular ink recipe was created. The recipe was used for centuries. Iron "salts," such as ferrous sulfate (made by treating iron with sulfuric acid), was mixed with tannin from gallnuts (they grow on trees) and a thickener. When first put to paper, this ink is bluish-black. Over time it fades to a dull brown.

Scribes in medieval Europe (about AD 800 to 1500) wrote on sheepskin parchment. One 12th century ink recipe called for hawthorn branches to be cut in the spring and left to dry. Then the bark was pounded from the branches and soaked in water for eight days. The water was boiled until it thickened and turned black. Wine was added during boiling. The ink was poured into special bags and hung in the sun. Once dried, the mixture was mixed with wine and iron salt over a fire to make the final ink.

In the 15th century, a new type of ink had to be developed in Europe for the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. Two types of ink were prevalent at the time: the Greek and Roman writing ink (soot, glue, and water) and the 12th century variety composed of ferrous sulfate, gall, gum, and water. Neither of these handwriting inks could adhere to printing surfaces without creating blurs. Eventually an oily, varnish-like ink made of soot, turpentine, and walnut oil was created specifically for the printing press.

Frontier

A frontier is a political and geographical term referring to areas near or beyond a boundary, or of a different nature.

In the United States, the frontier was the term applied by scholars to the impact of the zone of unsettled land outside the region of existing settlements of Europeans. That is, as pioneers moved into the frontier zone they were changed significantly by the encounter. That is what Frederick Jackson Turner called "the significance of the frontier." For example, Turner argued in 1893, one change was that unlimited free land in the zone was available and thus offered the psychological sense of unlimited opportunity, which in turn had many consequences, such as optimism, future orientation, shedding of restraints due to land scarcity, and wastefulness of natural resources.

Throughout American history, the expansion of settlement was largely from the east to the west, and thus the frontier is often identified with "the west". On the Pacific Coast, settlement moved eastward. In New England, it moved north.

'Frontier' was borrowed into English from French in the 15th century with the meaning "borderland," the region of a country that fronts on another country (see also marches). The use of frontier to mean "a region at the edge of a settled area" is a special North American development. (Compare the Australian "outback".) In the Turnerian sense, "frontier" was a technical term that was explicated by hundreds of scholars.

Following the victory of the United States in the American Revolutionary War and the signing Treaty of Paris in 1783, the United States gained formal, if not actual, control of the British lands west of the Appalachians. Many thousands of settlers, typified by Daniel Boone, had already reached Kentucky and Tennessee and adjacent areas. Some areas, such as the Virginia Military District and the Connecticut Western Reserve (both in Ohio), were used by the states as rewards to veterans of the war. The issue of how to formally include these new frontier areas into the nation was an important issue in the Continental Congress of the 1780s and was partly resolved by the Northwest Ordinance (1787). The Southwest Territory saw a similar pattern of settlement pressure.

For the next century, the expansion of the nation into these areas, as well as the subsequently acquired Louisiana Purchase, Oregon Country, and Mexican Cession, attracted hundreds of thousands of settlers. The question of whether the Kansas frontier would become "slave" or "free" was a spark of the American Civil War. In general before 1860 Northern Democrats promoted easy land ownership and Whigs and Southern Democrats resisted. The Southerners resisted Homestead Acts because it supported the growth of a free farmer population that might oppose slavery.

When the Republican party came to power in 1860 they promoted a free land policy — notably the Homestead Act of 1862, coupled with railroad land grants that opened cheap (but not free) lands for settlers. In 1890, the frontier line had broken up (Census maps defined the frontier line as a line beyond which the population was under 2 persons per square mile).

The popular culture impact of the frontier was enormous, in dime novels, Wild West shows, and, after 1910, Western movies set on the frontier.

The American frontier was generally the most Western edge of settlement and typically more democratic and free-spirited in nature than the East because of its lack of social and political institutions. The idea that the frontier provided the core defining quality of the United States was elaborated by the great historian Frederick Jackson Turner, who built his Frontier Thesis in 1893 around this notion.

3 motivator Indonesia

Ini merupakan moment paling gresss yang pernah ada di Balikpapan selama ini. Bagaimana tidak.. 3 motivator paling sukses di Indonesia berada dalam satu panggung menyampaikan ide-ide yang brillian.

Acara yang diselenggarakan di Blue Sky Hotel pada hari minggu tanggal 1 juni 2008 dan mengambil tema " The New Spirit for The New Indonesia-Smart Motivation Congress 2008 " ramai akan undangan yang secara langsung ingin menyaksikan dan mendengar. Acara tersebut dipenuhi oleh mahasiswa sampai tingkat pekerja. Meskipun seminar tersebut hanya berlangsung 3 jam dimana masing-masing motivator mendapat jatah 1 jam akan tetapi ilmu yang didapat sudah cukup membuat para pengujung puas.

Tommy Siawira dijadikan pembicara pertama dalam seminar ini. Dia mengatakan bahwa setiap orang pasti ingin menjadi yang terbaik akan tetapi seseorang kerap dilanda rasa takut, malas, malu dan tidak percaya diri. Oleh karena itu setiap orang harus mempunyai desire ( kemauan yang keras untuk benar-benar sukses) untuk itu diperlukan energi untuk maju. Orang yang sukses adalah orang yang dapat berpikir.

Prie GS dijadikan sebagai pembicara kedua. Prie GS sangat berbeda dalam menyampaikan ide-idenya. Beliau lebih menekankan pada segi humoris sehingga para penonton sedikit terhibur sekaligus belajar. Dan pada kesempatan itu beliau mengambil contoh Valentino Rossi, Michael Schumacher sebagai bentuk personifikasi intelektual yang baik. Yang mana menurut dia mereka bekerja dengan perhitungan dan science dengan hasil yang luar biasa.

Andri Wongso sebagai motivator no 1 di Indonesia dijadikan pembicara terakhir dalam seminar ini. Beliau mengatakan bahwa menggapi sukses tidaklah mudah, perlu kerja keras. Karena itu kita harus siap menjadi buldozernya. Siapkan mental untuk menjadi buldozer. Sukses bukan milik orang-orang tertentu. Sukses milik anda, milik semua, milik siapa saja yang benar-benar menyadari, menginginkan dan memperjuangkan dengan sepenuh hati